.. _no2:

Nitrogen dioxide (:math:`NO_{2}`)
============================================

Beyond its contribution to secondary :math:`PM_{2.5}` formation and the associated health impacts, recent epidemiological evidence has shown that there are health impacts of exposure to :math:`NO_{2}` itself. :cite:`huangfu20` The recently revised GAINS-Europe transfer coefficients from 2022 have allowed the calculation of exposure to :math:`NO_{2}` well enough to attempt a quantification of :math:`NO_{2}`-related mortality in `GAINS`_.  These impact assessments have been included in the Clean Air Outlook 3 :cite:`klimont22` but are not yet operational in the `GAINS`_ model.

.. _`GAINS`: http://gains.iiasa.ac.at/models/