The GAINS optimization module

The GAINS model can also be used to identify cost-effective scenarios that meet predefined environmental or health objectives. For example, it can answer questions like:

• How much would it cost to reduce the number of premature deaths linked to fine particles by half in 2030 relative to 2010?

• Which measures in which sectors are the most cost-effective ones to reduce NOx emissions by 20%?

Such cost-effective solutions are identified using a mathematical procedure called optimization. The GAINS optimization is a separate module from the online model and can be used to explore the effects of different target setting options on the distribution of costs and benefits throughout the modeling domain. It can aid policy makers in exploring cost-effective policy options and address issues of economic efficiency and equity considerations as well. The optimization module is written in the GAMS programming language. Full operation of the module also requires GAINS database access and is currently only accessible internally.