Technologies

Below, the 522 technologies available in GAINS for emission reduction are listed hereunder along with their corresponding abbreviations used in the model.

Abbreviation	Technology
ACA	Activated carbon adsorption
AGR1	A generic option for other animals - good practice
ALTER	Low-till farming, alternative cereal harvesting
ALT_CO2	Alternative refrigerant CO2
ALT_HC	Alternative hydrocarbon (propane, butane, etc.)
ALT_HFC	Alternative low GWP HFC (e. g. HFC-152a)
ALT_HFO	Alternative HFO refrigerant ( switch from HFC to HFOs )
ALT_MAGN	Alternative protection gas: SF6 replaced by SO2
ALT_NH3	Alternative refrigerant NH3
A_INC	Adsorption, incineration
BAN	Ban on open burning
BASE	Simulation of changes in paint formulation and application patterns between 1990 and 2000
BAT	Best available technology as implemented in plant in Graz, Austria
BC_DEGAS	Degasification
BEMT	Basic emissions management techniques
BEMT+ACA	Basic emissions management techniques and carbon adsorption
BF	Air scrubber
BF_CS	Combination of BF_CS
BF_CS_LNA	Combination of BF_CS_LNA
BF_LNA	Combination of BF_LNA
BF_LNA_high	Combination of BF_LNA_high
BF_LNA_low	Combination of BF_LNA_low
BIO	Bioflitration
BISUB	Switch from cutback to emulsion bitumens (road paving)
BREED	Genetic engineering aimed at reducing CH4 formation in rumen
CAGEUI	Stage 1
CAGEUII	Stage 2
CAGEUIII	Stage 3A
CAGEUIII_PF	Stage 3A with DPF
CAGEUIV	Stage 3B
CAGEUV	Stage 4
CAGEUVI	Stage 5
CCCM	Conventional closed circuit machine
CCCM+ACA	Combination of the above options
CLSD_A3	Closed (sealed) degreaser: use of A3 solvents
CLSD_A3+ACA	Combination of the above options
CLSD_CL	Closed (sealed) degreaser: use of chlorinated solvents
CLSD_HF	Closed (sealed) degreaser: use of fluoro (HFC, HFE) solvents
CLSD_HF+ACA	Combination of the above options
COLD	Cold cleaner
COMB1_RICE	Combining ALT_RICE and SULF_RICE
COMB2_RICE	Combining ALT_RICE and SULF_RICE and INTER_RICE
COMPRESS	Reduction of gas leakages at compressor stations in gas transmission pipelines
CONTROL_SLV	Controlling solvent emissions VOC
CONT_NET	Doubling of leak control frequency of gas distribution network
CONVCWPB	Conversion of centre worked pre-bake (CWPB) to point feeder prebake (PFPB) technology
CONVSWPB	Conversion of Side worked prebake (SWPB) to point feeder prebake (PFPB)
CONVVSS	Conversion of Vertical stud S¿derberg (VSS) to point feeder prebake (PFPB)
COWS	Covers on oil/water separators
CR	Catalytic reduction (selective or non-selective)
CS	Covered outdoor storage of manure; mean efficiency
CSBP	Use of current standard solvent based paints (60% solvent content) and application efficiency 65%
CSBP+INC	Combination of the above options
CS_LNA	Combination of CS_LNA
CS_high	Covered outdoor storage of manure; high efficiency
CS_low	Covered outdoor storage of manure; low efficiency
CYC	Cyclone
CYC_REM	Cyclone - remaining capacity
DDK	Down Draft Kiln
DGCCOM	Comb. modification on gas use in commercial sector
DGCCR	Combustion modification on gas use in commercial and residential sectors
DHFCM	Combustion modification on heavy fuel oil use in commercial sector
DMDCCO	Combustion modification on gasoil use in commercial sector
DMDCCR	Combustion modification on gasoil use in commercial and residential sectors
DOM_CC_23	Urban domestic wastewater -centralized collection with anaerobic secondary and/or tertiary treatment (incl. treatment with bacteria and/or flaring of residual methane) (MCF=0)
DOM_CC_23U	Urban domestic wastewater -centralized collection with anaerobic secondary and/or tertiary treatment with gas recovery, upgrading and use (MCF=0)
DOM_CC_AER	Urban domestic wastewater -centralized collection with aerobic treatment without temporary overloads (MCF=0)
ELEC	Electric cremation
EMU	Emulsions, water-based dispersion paints
ENC+ACA	Enclosure and adsorption
ENC+INC	Enclosure and incineration
ESP1	Electrostatic precipitator: 1 field
ESP1_REM	Electrostatic precipitator: 1 field - remaining capacity without overlap from other pollutant controls
ESP2	Electrostatic precipitator: 2 fields
ESP2_REM	Electrostatic precipitator: 2 field - remaining capacity without overlap from other pollutant controls
ESPSINJ	Sorbent injection, combined with particulate matter control via electrostatic precipitatiors (ESP1, ESP2)
ESP_FGD	Electrostatic precipitator (any type) combined with flue gas desulphurization
FALLOW	Lay fallow
FARM_AD	Farm-scale anaerobic digestion plants
FARM_AD_L	large Farm-scale anaerobic digestion plants
FBC	Fluidized bed combustion
FBC_CM	Combustion modification in fluidized bed combustion
FCBTK	Fixed Chimeny Bull’s Trench Kiln
FEED	Mix of feed changes (includes e.g., increased feed intake, replacement of roughage for concentrates, change to more fat and non-structural carbohydrates in diet)
FEED_MOD	Feed modification (all livestock)
FF	Fabric filters
FFSINJ	Fabric filters - power plants with injection
FF_FGD	Fabric/baghouse filter, combined with flue gas desulphurization
FF_REM	Fabric/baghouse filter - remaining capacity without overlap from other pollutant controls
FF_SN	Fabric filters - power plants + S,N meas.
FILTER	Filters in households (kitchen)
FK	Fluoro-ketone (FK-5-1-12)
FLA_REF	Flaring instead of venting of gas in oil refinery
FLOODING	Flooding of entity
FLR_GP	Good practice in oil and gas industry - flaring
FOOD_AD	Food industry waste treated in anaerobic digestion (biogasification) plant with energy recovery
FOOD_BURN	FOOD_BURN
FOOD_COM	Food industry waste treated in compost
FOOD_INC	Food industry: waste incinerated in plant withot energy recovery
FOOD_INC_ENE	Food industry: waste incinerated in plant with energy recovery
FP_IMP	Improved fireplace
FP_NEW	New fireplace
FREE	Free range poultry
FSED	Simulation of possible developments beyond Product Directive
F_IMP	Improved ignition systems on flares
GHDOM	Good housekeeping: domestic oil boilers
GHIND	Good housekeeping: industrial oil boilers
GP	Good practice: leakage control
GP_HIGH	Good practice: High leakage control
GP_MEDIUM	Good practice: Medium leakage control
HAMP	Improved application (HVLP), gunwash, SMP
HAMP+SUB1	Primary measures and 25% of high solids and water based paints
HAMP+SUB2	Primary measures and 40% high solids, 60% water based paints
HAY_SIL	Hay-silage for cattle
HCM	Hydrocarbon machine
HC_DEGAS	Hard Coal degasification
HDEUI	EURO I
HDEUII	EURO II
HDEUIII	EURO III
HDEUIV	EURO IV
HDEUV	EURO V
HDEUVI	EURO VI
HDEUVII	EURO VII
HDSEI	Stage 1
HDSEII	Stage 2
HDSEIII	Stage 3
HED	High efficiency deduster
HEDSINJ	Sorbent injection, combined with particulate matter control via high-efficiency deduster (HED)
HED_FGD	High-efficiency deduster, combined with with flue gas desulphurization
HED_REM	High-efficiency deduster - remaining capacity without overlap from other pollutant controls
HED_SN	High efficiency deduster - power plants + S,N meas.
HF2MD	Fuel switching for SO2 for PP_ENG sectors
HK	Hoffman Kilns
HOTM	Hot melts or UV cross-linking acrylates or electron beam curing systems (solids content 100%)
HOUS_AD	Household anaerobic digestion
HR	Hurricane lamp
HSE	Good housekeeping
HSE+BISUB	Good houseking in steel industry and switch to emulsion bitumen
HSS	High solids coating systems (20% solvent content), application process with an efficiency of 35%
HSS+PRM	High solids coating systems (20% solvent content), application process with an efficiency of 75%
IDK_BTK	Mix of Intermittent Downdraught (IDK) and Bull’s Trench Kiln (BTK)
IFC	Internal floating covers or secondary seals
IFC+ST_IAD	IFC and Stage IA (double stage) controls
IFC+ST_IAS	IFC and Stage IA (single stage) controls
IFC+VRU_I	Internal floating covers/sec.seals,vapour recovery (single stage)
IFC+VRU_II	Internal floating covers/sec.seals,vapour recovery (double stage)
INC	Incineration
INC_HFC23	Incineration: post combustion of HFC-23 emitted from production of HCFC-22
INDOTH_BURN	INDOTH_BURN
INDOTH_INC	Other manufacturing industry: waste incinerated in plant without energy recovery
INDOTH_INC_ENE	Other manufacturing industry: waste incinerated in plant with energy recovery
IND_FOOD_AERO	Industrial wastewater:pulp-and paper industry-aerobic treatment (MCF=0)
IND_FOOD_ANAE_NON	Industrial wastewater:pulp-and paper industry-anaerobic treatment in digester,reactor or deep lagoon without gas recovery (MCF=0.5)
IND_FOOD_ANAE_USE	Industrial wastewater:pulp-and paper industry-anaerobic treatment in digester,reactor or deep lagoon with gas recovery, upgrading and use (MCF=0)
IND_OTH_AERO	Industrial wastewater:other industry-aerobic treatment (MCF=0)
IND_OTH_ANAE_NON	Industrial wastewater:other industry-anaerobic treatment without gas recovery(MCF=0)
IND_OTH_ANAE_USE	Industrial wastewater:other industry-anaerobic treatment with gas recovery(MCF=0)
IND_PAP_AERO	Industrial wastewater:pulp-and paper industry-aerobic treatment (MCF=0)
IND_PAP_ANAE_NON	Industrial wastewater:pulp-and paper industry-anaerobic treatment in digester,reactor or deep lagoon without gas recovery (MCF=0.5)
IND_PAP_ANAE_USE	Industrial wastewater:pulp-and paper industry-anaerobic treatment in digester,reactor or deep lagoon with gas recovery, upgrading and use (MCF=0)
INHIB	Nihiliation Inhibitory
IN_CYC	Cyclone
IN_CYC_REM	remaining Cyclone industry
IN_ESP1	Electrostatic precipitator: 1 field
IN_ESP1_FGD	Electrostatic precipitator: 2 field combined with flue gas desulphurization, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_ESP1_REM	Electrostatic precipitator: 1 field - remaining capacity without overlap from other pollutant controls, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_ESP2	Electrostatic precipitator: 2 fields
IN_ESP2_FGD	Electrostatic precipitator: 2 field combined with flue gas desulphurization, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_ESP2_REM	Electrostatic precipitator: 2 field - remaining capacity without overlap from other pollutant controls, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_ESPSINJ	Sorbent injection, combined with particulate matter control via electrostatic precipitation (ESP1, ESP2), applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_FFSINJ	Sorbent injection, combined with particulate matter control via fabric/baghouse filter, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_HED	High efficiency deduster
IN_HEDSINJ	Sorbent injection, combined with particulate matter control via high-efficiency deduster, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_HED_FGD	High-efficiency deduster, combined with with flue gas desulphurization, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_HED_REM	High-efficiency deduster - remaining capacity without overlap from other pollutant controls, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_HED_SN	High efficiency deduster - industrial combustion + S,N meas.
IN_LHGCO	Industry low Hg coal
IN_LHGCO_CYC	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with cyclone; in industrial combustion sector
IN_LHGCO_ESP_FGD	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with electrostatic precipitator and flue gas desulfurization; industrial combustion sector
IN_LHGCO_HED_FGD	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with high-efficiency deduster and flue gas desulfurization; industrial combustion sector
IN_LHGCO_PM	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with PM control (ESP, HED); in industrial combustion sector
IN_LHGCO_PM_FGD	IN_LHGCO_PM_FGD
IN_LHGCO_REM	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition) - remaining capacity without overlap form other control technologies; industrial combustion sector
IN_PMSINJ	IN_PMSINJ
IN_PM_FGD	IN_PM_FGD
IN_PM_REM	IN_PM_REM
IN_SINJ	Industry S injection
IN_SPC	Sorbent polymer catalyst modules, applied in the industrial combustion sector
IN_WSCRB	Wet scrubber
IOGCM	Combustion modification on oil and gas industrial boilers and furnaces
IOGCSC	Combustion modification and selective catalytic reduction on oil and gas industrial boilers and furnaces
IOGCSN	Combustion modification and selective non-catalytic reduction on oil and gas industrial boilers and furnaces
ISBP	Use of improved solvent based paints (55%), application efficiency as above
ISBP+INC	Combination of the above options
ISFCM	Combustion modification on solid fuels fired industrial boilers and furnaces
ISFCSC	Combustion modification and selective catalytic reduction on solid fuels fired industrial boilers and furnaces
ISFCSN	Combustion modification and selective non-catalytic reduction on solid fuels fired industrial boilers and furnaces
IWFGD	Industry - wet flue gases desulphurisation
I_LAND	Improved Landfills
LDAR_I	Leak detection and repair program, stage I
LDAR_I+COWS	Combination of the above options
LDAR_II	Leak detection and repair program, stage II
LDAR_II+COWS	Combination of the above options
LDAR_III	Leak detection and repair program, stage III
LDAR_IV	Leak detection and repair program, stage IV
LED	LED lamp
LFEUI	EURO 1
LFEUII	EURO 2
LFEUIII	EURO 3
LFEUIV	EURO 4
LFEUV	EURO 5
LFEUVI	EURO 6
LHGCO	low HG coal usage
LHGCO_CYC	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with cyclone
LHGCO_ESP_FGD	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with electrostatic precipitator and flue gas desulfurization
LHGCO_FF_FGD	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with fabric filter and flue gas desulfurization;
LHGCO_HED_FGD	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with high-efficiency deduster and flue gas desulfurization;
LHGCO_PM	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with PM control (ESP, HED); in industrial combustion sector
LHGCO_PM_FGD	LHGCO_PM_FGD
LHGCO_REM	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition) - remaining capacity without overlap form other control technologies
LHGCO_WSCRB	Measures that lower Hg emissions through fuel modification (e.g. coal washing, beneficiation, Br addition), combined with wet scrubber; in industrial combustion sector
LINJ	In-furnace control - limestone injection
LNA	Low ammonia application; mean efficiency
LNA_high	Low ammonia application; high efficiency
LNA_low	Low ammonia application; low efficiency
LNF	Low nitrogen feed
LNF_BF	Combination of LNF_BF
LNF_BF_CS	Combination of LNF_BF_CS
LNF_BF_CS_LNA	Combination of LNF_BF_CS_LNA
LNF_BF_LNA	Combination of LNF_BF_LNA
LNF_BF_LNA_high	Combination of LNF_BF_LNA_high
LNF_BF_LNA_low	Combination of LNF_BF_LNA_low
LNF_CS	Combination of LNF_CS
LNF_CS_LNA	Combination of LNF_CS_LNA
LNF_LNA	Combination of LNF_LNA
LNF_LNA_high	Combination of LNF_LNA_high
LNF_LNA_low	Combination of LNF_LNA_low
LNF_SA	Combination of LNF_SA
LNF_SA_LNA	Combination of LNF_SA_LNA
LOW_GWP	Alternative refrigerant ¿ Low GWP refrigerant (e. g. HFC-152a)
LPB	Low pentane (4%) expandable beads
LSCK	Low sulphur coke (0.6 %S)
LSCO	Low sulphur coal (0.6 %S)
LSGSL	Low sulphur gasoline (0.001 %S)
LSHF	Low sulphur fuel oil (0.6 %S)
LSI+ENC	Low solvent inks and enclosure
LSI+ENC+ACA	Low solvent inks, enclosure and adsorption
LSI+ENC+INC	Low solvent inks, enclosure and incineration
LSI+ENC+INC-ACA	Low solvent inks, enclosure and incineration or adsorption
LSI+ENC+INC_ACA	Low solvent inks, enclosure and incineration or adsorption
LSMD1	Low sulphur diesel oil - stage 1 (0.2 % S)
LSMD2	Low sulphur diesel oil - stage 2 (0.045 % S)
LSMD3	Low sulphur diesel oil - stage 3 (0.001 % S)
LSS+PRM	Low solids systems (80% solvent content) and application process with an efficiency of 75% (electrostatic, roller coating, curtain coating, dipping)
LSS+PRM+INC	Combination of the above options
LSWBI	Low solvent or water based inks
LSWBI+ENC+ACA	Low solvent/water based inks, enclosure and adsorption
LSWBI+ENC+INC	Low solvent/water based inks, enclosure and incineration
LSWBI+ENC+INC-A	Low solvent/water based inks and incineration/adsorption
LSWBI+ENC+INC_A	Low solvent/water based inks and incineration/adsorption
MB_CYC	Cyclone
MB_HED	High efficiency deduster
MB_HED_A	High efficiency deduster
MB_HED_F	High efficiency deduster
MB_PELL	Pellet boiler
MCBTK	Moving Chimney Bull’s Trench Kiln
MDEUI	EURO 1
MDEUII	EURO 2
MDEUIII	EURO 3
MDEUIV	EURO 4
MDEUV	EURO 5
MDEUVI	EURO 6
MDEUVII	EURO 7 on light duty diesel road vehicles
MDEUVIp	EURO 6a/b
MDEUVIt	EURO 6 t
MINE_GP	Good practice in mining industry
MK	Marques Kilns
MMO2I	Stage 1 (2-stroke)
MMO2II	Stage 2 (2-stroke)
MMO2III	Stage 3 (2-stroke)
MMO2IV	Stage 4 (2-stroke)
MMO2V	Stage 5 (2-stroke)
MMO2VI	Stage 6 (2-stroke)
MOT4I	Stage 1 (4-stroke)
MOT4II	Stage 2 (4-stroke)
MOT4III	Stage 3 (4-stroke)
MOT4IV	Stage 4 (4-stroke)
MOT4V	Stage 5 (4-stroke)
MOT4VI	Stage 6 (4-stroke)
MSS	Medium solids systems (55% solvent content), conventional application process with an efficiency of 35%
MSS+INC	Combination of the above options
MSS+PRM	Medium solids systems (55% solvent content), application process with an efficiency of 75%
MSW_HIST_SWD_FLA	Historical solid waste diverted to landfill with gas recovery and flaring
MSW_HIST_SWD_USE	Historical solid waste diverted to landfill with gas recovery and utilization
M_INC	Modernized plant (lower fugitives) and improved thermal oxidation
NAGR	Agrochemicals - new products
NCCM	New generation closed circuit machine
NEWCWPB	Conversion of centre worked pre-bake (CWPB) to new technologies (i. e. inert anodes, wetted drained cathodes etc.)
NEWPFPB	Conversion of point feeder pre-bake (PFPB) to new technologies (i. e. inert anodes, wetted drained cathodes etc.)
NEWSWPB	Conversion of side worked pre-bake (SWPB) to new technologies (i. e. inert anodes, wetted drained cathodes etc.)
NEWVSS	Conversion of vertical stud soderberg (VSS) to new technologies (i. e. inert anodes, wetted drained cathodes etc.)
NF3	Alternative solvent: use of NF3
NOC	No control
NPR	New process
NSC_CH4	Stock not suitable for CH4 control
NSC_NOX	Stock not suitable for NOx control
NSC_PM	Stock not suitable for control
NSC_SO2	Stock not suitable for SO2 control
NSC_TRA	Stock not suitable for control - transport sources
NSC_VOC	Stock not suitable for VOC control
OPT	VIS plus optimisation of the process
OPTIM	Optimize process parameters towards low N2O yield
OPTPR	Process optimization
OTHI	Generic technology I for TRA_RD_OTH sector
OTHII	Generic technology II for TRA_RD_OTH sector
OTHIII	Generic technology III for TRA_RD_OTH sector
PAP_BURN	PAP_BURN
PAP_INC	Paper industry: black liqour recovery and incineration without energy recovery
PAP_INC_ENE	Paper industry: black liqour recovery and incineration with energy recovery
PB+REC	6% Pentane expandable beads (85%) and recycled EPS waste (15%)
PB+REC+INC	Combination of the above options
PBCCM	Combustion modification on existing brown coal power plants
PBCCSC	Combustion modification and selective catalytic reduction on existing brown coal power plants
PBCSCR	Selective catalytic reduction on new brown coal power plants
PHCCM	Combustion modification on existing hard coal power plants
PHCCSC	Combustion modification and selective catalytic reduction on existing hard coal power plants
PHCSCR	Selective catalytic reduction on new hard coal power plants
PMOF	Primary measures in offset printing, incl. enclosure
PMOF+INC	Primary measures (offset) and incineration
PMOF+SF	Primary measures (offset) and solvent free inks
PMOF+SF-INC	Primary measures (offset), solvent free inks, incineration
PMOF+SF_INC	Primary measures (offset), solvent free inks, incineration
PMSINJ	PMSINJ
PM_FGD	PM_FGD
PM_INC	Burning of Poultry Manure
PM_REM	PM_REM
POGCM	Combustion modification on existing oil and gas power plants
POGCSC	Combustion modification and selective catalytic reduction on existing oil and gas power plants
POGSCR	Selective catalytic reduction on new oil and gas power plants
POWDER	Powder coating system (solvent free)
PP_REM	PP_REM
PRECFARM	Precision farming
PRF_GP1	Good practice: ind.process - stage 1 (fugitive)
PRF_GP2	Good practice: ind.process - stage 2 (fugitive)
PRM	Process modification
PRM+NAGR	Primary and new agrochemical products
PRM+SUB	Process modification and substitution
PRM+SUB+A_INC	Process modification, substitution, adsorption, incineration
PRM1+LEOP	Primary measures paskage one and low level employment of end-of-pipe measures (incl. thermal incineration, condensation, and other)
PRM2+HEOP	Primary measures paskage two and high level employment of end-of-pipe measures (incl. thermal incineration, carbon adsorption, condensation, and other)
PRMPLUS	Primary (lower solvent content of enamel and reduced fugitive emissions) and secondary measures (increased efficiency of the oven)
PRNOX1	Stage 1 - Process NOx control
PRNOX2	Stage 2 - Process NOx control
PRNOX3	Stage 3 - Process NOx control
PRWFGD	Wet flue gases desulphurisation (retrofitted)
PR_AP	PR_AP
PR_BNP	Boliden-Norzink mercury removal process, applied in industrial processes
PR_CYC	Cyclone
PR_CYC_REM	remaining Cyclone process
PR_ESP1	Electrostatic precipitator: 1 field
PR_ESP2	Electrostatic precipitator: 2 fields
PR_ESPSINJ	Sorbent injection, combined with particulate matter control via electrostatic precipitation (ESP1, ESP2), applied in industrial processes
PR_FF	PR_FF
PR_FFSINJ	Sorbent injection, combined with a fabric filter specifically installed for Hg control, applied in industrial processes
PR_HED	High efficiency deduster
PR_HEDSINJ	Sorbent injection, combined with particulate matter control via high-efficiency deduster (HED), applied in industrial processes
PR_HED_FGD	High-efficiency deduster, combined with with flue gas desulphurization, applied in industrial processes
PR_HED_REM	High-efficiency deduster - remaining capacity without overlap from other pollutant controls, applied in industrial processes
PR_HED_SN	High efficiency deduster with sulphor and nox control - industrial processes
PR_PMSINJ	PR_PMSINJ
PR_PM_FGD	PR_PM_FGD
PR_PM_REM	PR_PM_REM
PR_SINJ	Process sorbent injection
PR_SPC	Sorbent polymer catalyst modules in industrial processes
PR_WSCRB	Wet scrubber
PR_WSCRB_REM	remaining Wet scrubber process
PSFCSN	Selective non-catalytic reduction on other biomass and waste fuels for existing powerplants
PSFSNC	Selective non-catalytic reduction on other biomass and waste fuels for new powerplants
PWFGD	Wet flue gases desulphurisation
REC_USE	Recovery and use
REC_USE2	High eff. Recovery and use
REDUCE	Combined application of N2O with other aenesthetics
REDUCE2	Improved removal efficiency of technology reducing N2O
REF	Product reformulation
REF1	Reformulation of products (stage 1 - see BIPRO, 2002 study; researched options)
REF2	Reformulation of products (stage 2 - see BIPRO, 2002 study; feasible but more expensive options)
REF3	Reformulation of products (stage 3 - see BIPRO, 2002 study; more work required on real potential, options might be prohibitively expensive)
REPLACE	Exchange N2O by the aenesthetics
REPL_NET	Replacement of grey cast iron gas distribution network
RESP1	Generic, e.g. street washing
RES_SPC	Sorbent polymer catalyst modules in residential emission sources
RETCWPB	Retrofitting of centre worked pre-bake (CWPB) technology
RETSWPB	Retrofitting of side worked pre-bake (SWPB) technology
RETVSS	Retrofitting of vertical stud soderberg (VSS) technology
RFGD	High efficiency flue gases desulphurisation
RUB_BURN	RUB_BURN
RUB_INC	Rubber and plastics industry: waste incinerated in plant without energy recovery
RUB_INC_ENE	Rubber and plastics industry: waste incinerated in plant with energy recovery
SA	Low emission housing
SA_LNA	Low emission housing and manure application
SED	Simulation of changes in paint formulation and application patterns in order to comply with the EU Product Directive
SF+SMP	Solvent free inks and solvent management plant
SHB_HED	High efficiency deduster for single house boiler using coal
SHB_IMP_B	Biomass single house boiler improved
SHB_NEW_B	Biomass single house boiler new
SHB_NEW_C	Coal single house boiler new
SHB_PELL	Biomass single house boiler - pellets
SHB_PLESP	Biomass single house boiler - pellets and electrostatic precipitator
SHM+ACA	Schumacher type desolventiser-toaster-dryer-cooler plus an old hexane recovery section
SHM+ACAN	Schumacher type desolventiser-toaster-dryer-cooler plus a new hexane recovery section and process optimization
SINJ	sorbent injection
SO2PR1	Stage 1 - Process SO2 control
SO2PR2	Stage 2 - Process SO2 control
SO2PR3	Stage 3 - Process SO2 control
SPC	Sorbent polymer catalyst modules
SPRAY	Spraying water at construction places
SPRM	Good housekeeping and substitution (60% solvent based and 40% water based adhesives)
SPRM+BIO	Combination of the above options
SPRM+INC	Combination of the above options
SPRMPLUS	As SPRM plus automatic application
ST(II+IB)	Stage II and IB at service station
STH_GP	Good practice: storage and handling
STLHCM	Combustion modification on large vessels using residual oil
STLMCM	Combustion modification on large vessels using marine diesel fuel
STLSCR	Selective catalytic reduction on large vessels using residual oil
STMCM	Combustion modification on medium vessels using marine diesel fuel
STMSCR	Selective catalytic reduction on large vessels using residual oil
STRIP	Combination of STRIP
STVNT	Stripping and vent gas treatment
STVNT+LK	STVNT plus leak detection and repair program to reduce fugitive emisisons
STVNTOPT	STVNT plus optimization of emission treatment
STVNTOPT+LK	Combination of the above options
STV_BRIQ	Briquette stove
STV_ESP_B	New stove with electrostatic precipitator
STV_FAN_B	Fan assisted cooking stove
STV_IMP_B	Improved stove - biomass
STV_IMP_C	Improved stove - coal
STV_LPG	switch to LPG
STV_NEW_B	New stove - biomass
STV_NEW_C	New stove - coal
STV_PELL	Pellet stove
STV_PLESP	Pellet stove with electrostatic precipitator
ST_IAD	Stage IA (double stage) at gasoline depots
ST_IAS	Stage IA (single stage) at gasoline depots
ST_IB	Stage IB controls at service stations
ST_II	Stage II controls at service stations
SUB1_VT	Use of 30% solvent based additives and 70% low solvent additives (90% vulcanized rubber and 10% thermoplastic rubber produced)
SUB1_VT+INC	Combination of the above options
SUB2_VT	Use of 10% solvent based additives and 90% low solvent additives (90% vulcanized rubber and 10% thermoplastic rubber produced)
SUB_U	Urea substition
SUB_V	Use of 30% solvent based additives and 70% low solvent additives (100% vulcanized rubber produced)
SUB_V+INC	Combination of the above options
SWD	SWD
SWD_COMP	Managed SWDS compressed without cover
SWD_COVER	Managed SWDS with cover but without gas recovery
SWD_FLA	Managed SWDS covered and with gas recovery and flaring
SWD_UNM_HIGH	Unmanaged SWDS > 5 meters deep and/or high humidity and arbitrary self-ignition
SWD_UNM_LOW	Unmanaged SWDS < 5 meters deep and /or low humidity and arbitrary self-ignition
SWD_USE	Managed SWDS covered and with gas recovery and utilization
TEX_BURN	TEX_BURN
TEX_INC	Textile industry: waste incinerated in plant without energy recovery
TEX_INC_ENE	Textile industry: waste incinerated in plant with energy recovery
TIWEUI	Stage 1
TIWEUII	Stage 2
TIWEUIII	Stage 3A
TIWEUIII_PF	Stage 3A with DPF
TIWEUIV	Stage 3B
TIWEUV	Stage 4
TIWEUVI	Stage 5
TK_COAL	Tunnel Kilns (Coal)
TK_EOF	Tunnel Kiln with end of pipe abatement
TK_OTHER	Tunnel Kilns burning other fuels than coal
TREAT_AD	Source separated and treated in anaerobic digestion (biogasification) plant with energy recovery
TREAT_BURN	TREAT_BURN
TREAT_HSC	Source separated and treated in household composts
TREAT_INC	Mixed waste incinerated in plant without energy recovery
TREAT_INC_ENE	Mixed waste incinerated in plant with energy recovery
TREAT_LSC	Source separated and treated in large-scale (municipality/village-size) composts
TREAT_REC	Source separated and recycled
TSBP_IA	Use of traditional solvent based paints but improved application efficiency up to 65%
TSBP_IA+INC	Combination of the above options
TWIN_RED	Twin reduction system in parallel avoids N2O leakage
UNC_BURN	Uncollected waste - open burned
UPACA	Upgrade of the condensation units or carbon adsorption and solvent recovery
VAMOX	VAMOX descr. missing
VAMOX_VENT	VAMOX_VENT descr. missing
VBAL	Vapour balancing on tankers and loading facilities
VBAL+VF_ALT	Vapour balancing and alternatives for venting and flaring
VBAL+V_ALT	Vapour balancing and alternatives for venting
VEH_IM	Inspection and maintenance
VHSS	Very high solids systems (5% solvent content), application process with an efficiency of 35%
VHSS+PRM	Very high solids systems (5% solvent content), application process with an efficiency of 75%
VIS	Improved application technique (vacuum impregnation system)
VIS+ACA	Combination of the above options
VIS+INC	Combination of the above options
VRT	Variable Rate Technology
VRU_I	Vapour recovery unit (single stage)
VRU_II	Vapour recovery unit (double stage)
VSBK	Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln with basic dust control
V_ALT	Alternatives and increased recovery for venting
WBC_L	Use of water based coating
WBD	Water based cleaning process
WBI	Water based inks
WBI+BIO	Water based inks and biofiltration (large inst.)
WBI+ENC+ACA	Water based inks, enclosure and adsorption
WBI+ENC+INC	Water based inks, enclosure and incineration
WBI+ENC+INC-ACA	Water based inks, enclosure and incineration or adsorption
WBI+ENC+INC-BIO	Water based inks, enclosure and incineration or biofltration
WBI+ENC+INC_ACA	Water based inks, enclosure and incineration or adsorption
WBI+ENC+INC_BIO	Water based inks, enclosure and incineration or biofltration
WBI+INC	Water bsaed inks, incineration (for new inst. with enclosure)
WBP	Use of water based paints (5%): application efficiency as above
WCLEAN	Water cleaning
WOOD_BURN	WOOD_BURN
WOOD_INC	Wood industry: waste incinerated without energy recovery
WOOD_INC_ENE	Wood industry: waste incinerated with energy recovery
WOOD_REC	Wood industry: waste recycled into chipboards and similar
WPR	Use of water based preservatives (conventional application methods)
WPR+VIS	Combination of the above options
WSCRB	Wet scrubber
WSCRB_REM	Wet scrubber - remaining capacity
ZIG_ZAG	Zig-Zag kilns