Impacts

This Section describes the qualitative and quantitative framework surrounding the various types of impacts calculated in GAINS.

The calculation of ambient pollution concentrations and associated health and environmental impacts in GAINS relies on linearized approximations of atmospheric Chemistry-Transport Models (CTMs) based on sensitivty simulations. Specific established methodologies are followed to calculate the respective environmental and health indicators from gridded concentrations and deposition rates.

Contrary to emission calculations, the calculations of impacts do not follow one unified methodology globally but rather use different versions of CTMs which are region-dependent. Furthermore, not all endpoints are calculated in all regions.

• Ambient air pollution concentrations
• Human health impacts
• Ecosystems impacts